thus ushering in the creation of the Republic of China. With the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, the Beiyang Army simultaneously protected the Emperor as well as negotiated for his surrender. Yuan Shikai was appointed the commander of this new force by the Empress Dowager Cixi, and as it grew in importance and effectiveness Yuan grew more contemptuous of the Imperial dynasty. The Warlord Era began in Qing China with the establishment of the " New Army" in 1895 (later renamed to the "Beiyang Army"), a modernization of the Chinese army following the loss to Japan in the First Sino-Japanese War.
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